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• Prison
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Yet historically, incarcerated populations have been mostly excluded from university-based health research, leaving critical questions related specifically to inmate populations largely unstudied and unanswered.

(Read the full post about ‘Excluding Inmates From Health Research Thwarts Advancement Of Public Health, Expert Argues’…)

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• Stem Cells
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• Peripheral vision
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Patrick T. Caswell and colleagues report their findings in the latest issue of the Journal of Cell Biology.

On 2D surfaces, cells may migrate randomly, or be strongly unidirectional. Integrins, which link the cell to the extracellular matrix, are known to influence the mode of migration, but exactly how has been unclear.

(Read the full post about ‘Metastatic Movements In 3-D’…)

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• Colon Cancer
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• Pap smear
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"But the concerns we identified with stool DNA testing are all solvable," says David Ahlquist, M.D., lead researcher in the study that included 4,482 participants and 22 academic medical centers. Researchers have hoped that stool DNA testing could be the user-friendly and accurate screening tool that would increase screening numbers.

More than half of adults in the United States have never been screened for colorectal cancer, the second-leading cause of cancer deaths.

(Read the full post about ‘Stool DNA Testing For Colorectal Cancer Has Potential, But Challenges Remain’…)

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• Pregnancy and Childbirth
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• Stillbirth
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But a new prenatal test could make this dilemma obsolete. The new method, developed by scientists at Stanford University, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, requires only a maternal blood sample to spot chromosomal disorders such as Down syndrome.

"Right now, people are risking their pregnancies to get this information," said Yair Blumenfeld, MD, a postdoctoral medical fellow in obstetrics and gynecology and co-author of a paper describing the technique.

(Read the full post about ‘New Prenatal Test For Down Syndrome Less Risky Than Amniocentesis, Scientists Say’…)

Alberta’s auditor general says he is concerned taxpayers will end up paying twice for the pensions of departing health executives.

Regional health authorities, which were disbanded in May in favour of one “superboard,” have already spent the money they were given to cover retirement benefits for health executives, said auditor Fred Dunn.

‘Fiscal management was not one of their strong points.’ —Scott Hennig

The money for supplementary retirement plans (SRPs) wasn’t put into accounts to earn interest. Instead, the cash went into general revenues and was spent by the health regions.

“The government was paying the health regions for the executive compensation, these SRPs, but the money wasn’t being set aside.

(Read the full post about ‘Taxpayers may pay health executive pensions twice: auditor’…)

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• Appendicitis
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The scenario is not uncommon, experts say, because children with appendicitis don’t usually have the classic symptoms of the condition, but pediatricians at the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center say there are ways for doctors and parents to tell the difference early on between a potentially deadly burst appendix — which can kill in a matter of days, even hours — and a stomach bug.

Past research has found that half of appendicitis cases are misdiagnosed when they first present at the emergency room or the doctor’s office and that up to 80 percent of appendicitis cases in children younger than 4 years of age end up in rupture.

Says emergency room pediatrician Jennifer Anders, M.D., of Hopkins Children’s, who has seen her fair share of burst appendixes, "appendicitis should always be near the top of the list of potential culprits when a child has any abdominal pain, vomiting, and malaise," keeping in mind that many children don’t have fever or lose appetite the way adults might.

Doctors recommend that children with prolonged or severe abdominal symptoms that do not go away or improve should be evaluated for ruptured appendix.

(Read the full post about ‘Is It Appendicitis? Symptoms Checklist Available For Doctors From Johns Hopkins’…)

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In their Essay, Neal Young (National Institutes of Health, USA), John Ioannidis (Tufts University School of Medicine, USA and University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece), and Omar Al-Ubaydli (George Mason University, USA) apply principles from the field of economics to present evidence consistent with a distortion.

There is an "extreme imbalance," they say, between the abundance of supply (the output of basic science laboratories and clinical investigations) and the increasingly limited venues for publication (journals with sufficiently high impact).

(Read the full post about ‘Why Current Publication Practices May Distort Science’…)

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• Peptic ulcer
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The review, published in the October issue of Cancer Prevention Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, found that people who had H. pylori strains carrying a gene called CagA were almost half as likely to get adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, a cancer that develops in the tube that passes food from the throat to the stomach.

"CagA- positive strains of H.

(Read the full post about ‘H. Pylori Bacteria May Help Prevent Some Esophageal Cancers’…)

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• Children’s Health
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• Burn (injury)
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Severe scalds can be devastating for children because they can leave scars and wounds that can restrict movement.

(Read the full post about ‘Microwave Ovens Need Added Safety Controls’…)

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• Phobia
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"Generalized social phobia is characterized by fear/avoidance of social situations and fear of being judged negatively by others," the authors write as background information in the article.

(Read the full post about ‘Individuals With Social Phobia See Themselves Differently’…)